Encyclopedia:
STS-95,
Image:STS-95 Florida From Space.jpg,
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/STS-95 Florida view from space,
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Image:STS-95 Florida From Space.jpg
STS-95 was a mission of the
United States Space Shuttle Discovery in November 1998. It was the second space flight of
John Glenn, who broke the record for oldest person to go into space.
Pedro Duque became the first
Spaniard in space.
Crew
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Curtis L. Brown (5), Commander
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Steven W. Lindsey (2), Pilot
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Scott E. Parazynski (3), Mission Specialist
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Stephen K. Robinson (2), Payload Commander
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Pedro Duque (1), (
ESA) Mission Specialist
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Chiaki Mukai (2), (
NASDA) Payload Specialist
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John H. Glenn (2), Payload Specialist
Mission parameters
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Mass:**
Orbiter landing with payload: 103,322 kg
**
Payload: 11,130 kg
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Perigee: 550 km
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Apogee: 561 km
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Inclination: 28.45°
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Period: 96 min
Mission highlights
The primary objectives included conducting a variety of science experiments in the pressurized
SPACEHAB module, the deployment and retrieval of the Spartan free-flyer payload, and operations with the HST Orbiting Systems Test (HOST) and the International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker (IEH) payloads carried in the payload bay.
The SPACEHAB module flown on STS-95 was provided by SPACEHAB Inc., a private company which provides single or double module Spacehabs to support
NASA's space flight efforts. The SPACEHAB system provides additional pressurized workspace for experiments, cargo and crew activities. SPACEHAB modules have supported various Shuttle science missions along with several of the joint Shuttle-Mir missions.
For STS-95, a single-module SPACEHAB flew in the forward portion of Discovery's payload bay with the crew gaining access to the module through the airlock tunnel system. A variety of experiments sponsored by NASA, the Japanese Space Agency (NASDA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) focused on life sciences, microgravity sciences and advanced technology during the flight.
The Spartan 201 free-flyer was deployed and retrieved using the Shuttle's mechanical arm and is designed to investigate physical conditions and processes of the hot outer layers of the Sun's atmosphere, or solar corona. While deployed from the Shuttle, Spartan gathered measurements of the solar corona and solar wind. Information collected during this mission will lead to a much better understanding of the solar winds that directly influence orbiting satellites and weather conditions on Earth which in turn impact television and phone communications. This is a reflight of the Spartan payload flown on Mission STS-87 in November 1997 which developed problems shortly after being deployed from the Shuttle.
The
Hubble Space Telescope Orbiting Systems Test (HOST) platform carried experiments to validate components planned for installation during the third Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission and to evaluate new technologies in an earth orbiting environment. There were four experiments on the HOST platform. The NICMOS Cooling System allowed zero-g verification of a Reverse Turbo
Brayton Cycle Cooler which allows longer life operation than the current dewar system. (2) The HST 486 Computer allows the identification of any radiation susceptible parts in the DF-224 replacement and demonstrate hardware and software responses to Single Event Upsets (SEU's). (3) Solid State Recorder compares on-orbit operation of the flight spare solid state recorder with the current HST unit. (4) Fiber Optic Line Test uses the same 4 kbit/s data stream that is sent to the orbiter's Payload Data Interrogator (PDI) and is routed to a laptop computer for post-flight comparison.
The International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker (IEH) payload involves a half dozen different experiments mounted on a support structure which was carried in Discovery's payload bay. The six experiments that make up the IEH payload are (1) Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker (SEH) payload which obtained EUV and FUV fluxes that are required when studying the Earth's upper atmosphere; (2) Ultraviolet Spectrograph Telescope for Astronomical Research (UVSTAR) payload designed to measure EUV fluxes which can be used to form images of extended plasma sources (ex. Jupiter, hot stars, etc.); (3) STAR-LITE payload which made observations of extended and diffused astrophysical targets; (4) CONCAP-IV payload designed to grow thin films via physical vapor transport; (5) Petite Amateur Navy Satellite (PANSAT) payload which is managed by the Department of Defense Space Test Program and involves a small deployable satellite that stores and transmits digital communications to PANSAT ground stations; and (6) a
Getaway Special (GAS) payload.
Since the aging process and a space flight experience share a number of similar physiological responses, a series of experiments sponsored by NASA and the National Institute on Aging was conducted on
John Glenn during the STS-95 mission. The investigations gathered information which may provide a model system to help scientists interested in understanding aging. Some of these similarities include bone and muscle loss, balance disorders and sleep disturbances. Data provided from Glenn during this mission was compared to data obtained from Glenn's
Friendship 7 orbital mission in
1962.
In addition to becoming the oldest person to fly into space, Glenn also became the third seated politician to fly in space. At the time, Glenn was the senior Senator out of Ohio. Senator
Jake Garn (
STS-51-D) and then-Representative (now Senator)
Bill Nelson (
STS-61-C) preceeded him in that distinction.
See also
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Space science*
Space shuttle*
List of space shuttle missions*
List of human spaceflights chronologicallyExternal links
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http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-95/mission-sts-95.html NASA mission summarySpace Shuttle
STS-095STS-095de:STS-95hu:STS–95pl:STS-95
